Railroads and the Regional Concentration of Industry in Germany 1861 to 1882
نویسنده
چکیده
This article analyzes the impact of improvements in market access on the regional concentration of industry in Germany during the second half of the 19th century. The expansion of market access can promote the dispersion of industry if cheaper land and labor provide incentives for industry location outside of existing manufacturing centers. On the other hand, better market access can increase the value of manufacturing centers that provide economies of scale and agglomeration, encouraging geographic concentration. The results show that better market access had a positive impact on industry growth in regions with above median levels of per capita manufacturing employment. For regions below this mark the impact was negative, indicating that better market access contributed to the concentration of early industrial development.
منابع مشابه
The Regional Performance Impacts in the Supply Chain integration: Evidence from East Africa Basic Metal Industry
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between regional firm performance and supply chain integration practices. In addition to literature survey, the primary data collection instrument used was a questionnaire which was administrated to a total sample of 200 industry experts, administrative officers, functional department heads and directors, the industry managing dire...
متن کاملCan Openness to Trade Reduce Income Volatility? Evidence from Colonial India’s Famine Era∗
Whether openness to trade can be expected to reduce or exacerbate the equilibrium exposure of real income to productivity shocks remains theoretically ambiguous and empirically unclear. In this paper we exploit the expansion of railroads across India between 1861 to 1930—a setting in which agricultural technologies were rain-fed and risky, and regional famines were commonplace—to examine whethe...
متن کاملOccurrence and fate of emerging pollutants of 17beta-estradiol and testosterone in hospital wastewater and effluent: The effect of activated sludge and chlorination processes
Introduction: In 2015, the European Union placed estrogen hormones on the list of compounds with a possible real risk to living organisms and emphasized the need for environmental research. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and effect of activated sludge process and chlorination on the fate of 17-beta estradiol and testosterone in hospital wastewater. Materials and Methods: ...
متن کاملCan Openness to Trade Reduce Income Volatility? Evidence from Colonial India’s Famine Era∗ Robin Burgess LSE and NBER
Whether openness to trade can be expected to reduce or exacerbate the equilibrium exposure of real income to productivity shocks remains theoretically ambiguous and empirically unclear. In this paper we exploit the expansion of railroads across India between 1861 to 1930—a setting in which agricultural technologies were rain-fed and risky, and regional famines were commonplace—to examine whethe...
متن کاملApplying Network Data Envelopment Analysis to Determine a Criterion for Benchmarking in Regional Electricity Companies of Iran.
One of the effective methods for improving the efficiency of an organization is benchmarking against successful organizations. Not only benchmarking could be a technique for identifying problems but also it greatly helps managers in relations of the design of processes. Among strategic and infrastructure industries in each country, the electricity industry is one of the most important and criti...
متن کامل